Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers in the Philippines—Subsistence strategies, adaptation, and behaviour in maritime environments

Frontiers in Earth Science

Earth Science

Alfred F. Pawlik¹  Riczar B. Fuentes² 

[1] Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila University, Ricardo and Dr. Rosita Leong Hall, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines;TRACES ASIA, Areté, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines;Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, Tübingen, Germany;National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines;Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila University, Ricardo and Dr. Rosita Leong Hall, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines;TRACES ASIA, Areté, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines;Department of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;Research Centre “The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans” (ROCEEH), Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Hölderlinstrasse, Tübingen, Germany;

关键词: hunter-gatherers and Fishers;    maritime interaction;    behavioural adaptation;    pleistocene;    holocene;    Island Southeast Asia;    Philippines;   

DOI  :  10.3389/feart.2023.1110147

 received in 2022-11-28, accepted in 2023-04-17,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Archaeological research in the Philippines has produced a timeline of currently over 700,000 years of human occupation. However, while an initial presence of early hominins has been securely established through several radiometric dates between 700 ka to 1 ma from Luzon Island, there is currently little evidence for the presence of hominins after those episodes until c. 67 to 50 ka for Luzon or any of the other Philippine islands. At approximately 40 ka, anatomically modern humans had arrived in the Philippines. Early sites with fossil and/or artifactual evidence are Tabon Cave in Palawan and Bubog 1 in Occidental Mindoro, the latter situated in the Wallacean part of the archipelago. This paper presents an overview of the archaeological research on the prehistory of the Philippines from the Pleistocene until the Late Holocene and the arrival of the first farmers, presumably from Austronesian language groups approximately 4,000 years ago. Research on this topic has significantly intensified over the past 20 years and is providing a variety of evidence for the successful adaptation of those first islanders to maritime environments, the diversity of technological and subsistence strategies, and increasingly complex interrelationships across Island Southeast Asia.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Pawlik and Fuentes.