Barriers to overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma

Frontiers in Medicine

Medicine

Richard S. Dowd¹  Elaina J. Wang¹  Julia S. Gillette¹  Steven A. Toms² 

[1] Departments of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States;null;

关键词: gliobalstoma;    immunotherapy;    checkpoint inhibitors;    vaccine;    chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells;    virotherapy;    resistance;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2023.1175507

 received in 2023-02-27, accepted in 2023-04-12,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, known for its poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although immunotherapies have yielded promising results in hematological malignancies, their successful application in GBM remains limited due to a host of immunosuppressive factors unique to GBM. As a result of these roadblocks, research efforts have focused on utilizing combinatorial immunotherapies that target networks of immune processes in GBM with promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials, although limitations in overcoming the immunosuppressive factors within GBM remain. In this review, we aim to discuss the intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance unique to GBM and to summarize the current evidence and outcomes of engineered and non-engineered treatments targeted at overcoming GBM resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, we aim to highlight the most promising strategies of targeted GBM immunotherapy combinatorial treatments and the insights that may directly improve the current patient prognosis and clinical care.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Gillette, Wang, Dowd and Toms.