Guianensin, a Simulium guianense salivary protein, has broad anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Michalis Kotsyfakis¹  Andrezza Campos Chagas²  Gaurav Shrivastava²  Ines Martin-Martin²  Andrew S. Paige²  Eric Calvo²  Adeline E. Williams²  Paola Carolina Valenzuela-Leon²  Markus Berger³  Lucas Tirloni³ 

[1] Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia;Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece;Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States;Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States;

关键词: blood feeding;    black fly;    saliva;    arthropod;    enzyme inhibitor;    anticoagulant;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163367

 received in 2023-02-10, accepted in 2023-06-15,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSalivary glands from blood-feeding arthropods secrete several molecules that inhibit mammalian hemostasis and facilitate blood feeding and pathogen transmission. The salivary functions from Simulium guianense, the main vector of Onchocerciasis in South America, remain largely understudied. Here, we have characterized a salivary protease inhibitor (Guianensin) from the blackfly Simulium guianense.Materials and methodsA combination of bioinformatic and biophysical analyses, recombinant protein production, in vitro and in vivo experiments were utilized to characterize the molecula mechanism of action of Guianensin. Kinetics of Guianensin interaction with proteases involved in vertebrate inflammation and coagulation were carried out by surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry. Plasma recalcification and coagulometry and tail bleeding assays were performed to understand the role of Guianensin in coagulation.ResultsGuianensin was identified in the sialotranscriptome of adult S. guianense flies and belongs to the Kunitz domain of protease inhibitors. It targets various serine proteases involved in hemostasis and inflammation. Binding to these enzymes is highly specific to the catalytic site and is not detectable for their zymogens, the catalytic site-blocked human coagulation factor Xa (FXa), or thrombin. Accordingly, Guianensin significantly increased both PT (Prothrombin time) and aPTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) in human plasma and consequently increased blood clotting time ex vivo. Guianensin also inhibited prothrombinase activity on endothelial cells. We show that Guianensin acts as a potent anti-inflammatory molecule on FXa-induced paw edema formation in mice.ConclusionThe information generated by this work highlights the biological functionality of Guianensin as an antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory protein that may play significant roles in blood feeding and pathogen transmission.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright At least a portion of this work is authored by Paola Carolina Valenzuela-Leon, Andrezza Campos Chagas, Ines Martin-Martin, Adeline E. Williams, Markus Berger, Gaurav Shrivastava, Andrew S. Page, Lucas Tirloni and Eric Calvo on behalf of the U.S. Government and as regards Dr. Valenzuela-Leon, Dr. Chagas, Dr. Martin-Martin, Dr. Williams, Dr. Berger, Dr. Shrivastava, Dr. Page, Dr.Tirloni and Dr. Calvo and the U.S. Government, is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Foreign and other copyrights may apply.