Metabolic risk factors attributed burden in Iran at national and subnational levels, 1990 to 2019

Frontiers in Public Health

Public Health

Bagher Larijani¹  Mohsen Naghavi²  Sina Azadnajafabad³  Zahra Esfahani³  Soroush Moradi³  Amirhossein Parsaei³  Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam³  Nazila Rezaei³  Negar Rezaei⁴  Farshad Farzadfar⁴  Armin Aryannejad⁵  Baharnaz Mashinchi⁵  Parnian Shobeiri⁶ 

[1] Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;

关键词: Global Burden of Disease;    cardiometabolic risk factors;    hypertension;    hyperglycemia;    obesity;    hyperlipidemia;    Iran;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149719

 received in 2023-01-22, accepted in 2023-02-28,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionMetabolic risk factors (MRFs) predispose populations to a variety of chronic diseases with a huge burden globally. With the increasing burden of these risk factors in Iran, in this study, we aimed to report the estimated burden attributed to MRFs at national and subnational scales in Iran, from 1990 to 2019.MethodsBased on the comparative risk assessment method of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, data of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to four top MRFs in Iran including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for the 1990–2019 period, were extracted. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was used to report the data based on the corresponding socio-economic stratifications. The results were reported in national and subnational 31 provinces of Iran to discover disparities regarding the attributable burden to MRFs. Furthermore, we reported the causes of diseases to which the attributable burden to MRFs was related.ResultsOverall, the age-standardized high LDL, high SBP, high BMI, and high FPG-attributed death rate changed by −45.1, −35.6, +2.8, and +19.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. High SBP was the leading risk factor regarding attributed age-standardized death rates reaching 157.8 (95% uncertainty interval: 135.3–179.1) and DALY rates reaching 2973.4 (2652.2–3280.2) per 100,000 person-years, in 2019. All rates increased with aging, and men had higher rates except for the +70 years age group. At the subnational level, provinces in the middle SDI quintile had the highest death and DALY rates regarding all four MRFs. Total deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs number by the causes of diseases linked to MRFs increased over the study period. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases were the main causes of burden of disease attributable to MRFs.ConclusionHerein, we found divergent patterns regarding the burden of MRFs as well as disparities in different regions, sex, and age groups for each risk factor and related causes. This could provide policymakers with a clearer vision toward more appropriate decision-making and resource allocation to prevent the burden of MRFs in Iran.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Moradi, Parsaei, Saeedi Moghaddam, Aryannejad, Azadnajafabad, Rezaei, Mashinchi, Esfahani, Shobeiri, Rezaei, GBD 2019 Iran MRF Collaborators, Naghavi, Larijani and Farzadfar.