Differences in selected blood parameters between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Veterinary Science

Regina Hofmann-Lehmann¹  Iris Margaret Reichler²  Martina Stirn³  Ankie Van Cromvoirt⁴  Simone Fenk⁴  Anna Bogdanova⁴  Nikolay Bogdanov⁴  Sandra Kämpf⁵  Sonja Hartnack⁶ 

[1] Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland;

关键词: dog;    brachycephaly;    brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome;    red blood cells;    blood markers;    stress;    hypoxia;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fvets.2023.1166032

 received in 2023-02-14, accepted in 2023-07-11,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionCranial and upper-airway anatomy of short-nosed, flat-faced brachycephalic dogs predisposes them to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Periodic apnoea increased inspiratory resistance, and an inability to thermoregulate effectively are characteristic of BOAS, but internationally accepted objective markers of BOAS severity are missing. The objective of this study was to compare the selected blood parameters between non-brachycephalic (NC) and brachycephalic (BC) dogs, exploring the possibility of developing a blood test for BOAS severity grading in the future.MethodsWe evaluated blood biochemistry, complete blood cell counts, red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte counts, a blood-born marker of intermittent hypoxia (glutathione, NO production), RBC hydration, deformability, and blood markers of metabolic changes and stress between BC (n = 18) and NC (meso- and dolichocephalic, n = 22) dogs.ResultsReticulocyte counts and the abundance of middle-fluorescence immature reticulocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. BC dogs had significantly more NO-derived NO2-/NO3- in plasma than NC dogs. RBCs of BC dogs were shedding significantly more membrane, as follows from the intensity of eosin maleimide staining, and had a significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than NC dogs. Intracellular reduced glutathione content in RBCs of BC dogs was significantly lower, while plasma lactate was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower, and cortisol was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Eosinophil counts were significantly lower and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs.DiscussionTaken together, our findings suggest that the brachycephalic phenotype in dogs is associated with alterations at the level of blood cells and, systemically, with oxidation and metabolic changes. The parameters identified within this study should be further investigated for their potential as objective indicators for BOAS.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Kämpf, Fenk, Van Cromvoirt, Bogdanov, Hartnack, Stirn, Hofmann-Lehmann, Reichler and Bogdanova.