Comparative flavonoid profile of orange (Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Anne-Sophie Stübler¹  Kemal Aganovic¹  Recep Gök²  Tuba Esatbeyoglu³  Dennis Krygier³  Sherif M. Afifi⁴  Ingo Eikenberg⁵  Eric Rottmann⁵  Silke Hillebrand⁵ 

[1] German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany;Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany;Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany;Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany;Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt;Symrise AG, Holzminden, Germany;

关键词: albedo;    flavedo;    extraction;    metabolomics;    ultrasonic;    high pressure processing;    pulsed electric field;    polymethoxy flavones;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1158473

 received in 2023-02-03, accepted in 2023-05-16,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionCitrus fruits are one of the most frequently counterfeited processed products in the world. In the juice production alone, the peels, divided into flavedo and albedo, are the main waste product. The extracts of this by-product are enriched with many bioactive substances. Newer extraction techniques generally have milder extraction conditions with simultaneous improvement of the extraction process.MethodsThis study presents a combinatorial approach utilizing data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility spectrometry coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Integrating orthogonal collision cross section (CCS) data matching simultaneously improves the confidence in metabolite identification in flavedo and albedo tissues from Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, four different extraction approaches [conventional, ultrasonic, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF)] with various optimized processing conditions were compared in terms of antioxidant effects and flavonoid profile particularly polymethoxy flavones (PMFs).ResultsA total number of 57 metabolites were identified, 15 of which were present in both flavedo and albedo, forming a good qualitative overlapping of distributed flavonoids. For flavedo samples, the antioxidant activity was higher for PEF and HHP treated samples compared to other extraction methods. However, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effects in albedo samples attributed to different qualitative composition content rather than various quantities of same metabolites. The optimum processing conditions for albedo extraction using HHP and PEF were 200 MPa and 15 kJ/kg at 10 kV, respectively. While, HHP at medium pressure (400 MPa) and PEF at 15 kJ/kg/3 kV were the optimum conditions for flavedo extraction.ConclusionChemometric analysis of the dataset indicated that orange flavedo can be a valid source of soluble phenolic compounds especially PMFs. In order to achieve cross-application of production, future study should concentrate on how citrus PMFs correlate with biological engineering techniques such as breeding, genetic engineering, and fermentation engineering.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Afifi, Gök, Eikenberg, Krygier, Rottmann, Stübler, Aganovic, Hillebrand and Esatbeyoglu.