American ginseng with different processing methods ameliorate immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice via the MAPK signaling pathways

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Shan-Shan Li¹  Wei Tian²  Xiao-Hui Huo³  Duo-Duo Ren³  Yan-Ting Zhang³  Yu-Shun Lu³  Yin-Shi Sun³  Zhi-Man Li³  Ji-Yue Sha³  Yue Zhang³ 

[1] Institute of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China;Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China;Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China;

关键词: American ginseng;    steam-processing;    CTX;    immunosuppression;    MAPK;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085456

 received in 2022-10-31, accepted in 2023-04-10,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

This study aimed to clarify the effects of two processed forms of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice. In the CTX-induced immunosuppressive model, mice were given either steamed American ginseng (American ginseng red, AGR) or raw American ginseng (American ginseng soft branch, AGS) by intragastric administration. Serum and spleen tissues were collected, and the pathological changes in mice spleens were observed by conventional HE staining. The expression levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA, and the apoptosis of splenic cells was determined by western blotting. The results showed that AGR and AGS could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression through the enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), as well as macrophage activities including carbon clearance and phagocytic index. AGR and AGS downregulated the expression of BAX and elevated the expression of Bcl-2, p-P38, p-JNK, and p-ERK in the spleens of CTX-injected animals. Compared to AGS, AGR significantly improved the number of CD4+CD8-T lymphocytes, the spleen index, and serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The expression of the ERK/MAPK pathway was markedly increased. These findings support the hypothesis that AGR and AGS are effective immunomodulatory agents capable of preventing immune system hypofunction. Future research may investigate the exact mechanism to rule out any unforeseen effects of AGR and AGS.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Tian, Lu, Li, Ren, Zhang, Sha, Huo, Li and Sun