Association between levels of IgG antibodies from vaccines and Omicron symptomatic infection among children and adolescents in China

Frontiers in Medicine

Medicine

Li Wang¹  Yuxia Li²  Teng Huang³  Lijun Deng³  Jinghua Yang³  Xinying Chen³  Bo Yu⁴  Heng Weng⁵  Aihua Ou⁵  Jianwen Guo⁶  Junbin Hong⁷ 

[1] Department of Lab, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China;Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China;Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;Xiaorong Luo’s Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;Department of Surgery, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China;State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;

关键词: IgG levels;    antibody;    SARS-CoV-2;    Omicron;    symptomatic infection;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2023.1240340

 received in 2023-06-14, accepted in 2023-08-07,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMeasurements of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens can assess vaccine efficacy, but the absolute risk of Omicron symptomatic infection at different IgG levels for children and adolescents remains uncertain, as well as the minimum effective antibody level. We sought to determine the relationship between the tertiles of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens and children with symptomatic infection of the pandemic and duration to negative conversion in China for the first time.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted, including 168 participants under 18 years old from the No.2 People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, China, diagnosed with Omicron variant BA.2.38 between July 8, 2022, and August 2, 2022. We calculated odds ratios (OR) in univariate and multivariate regression to assess the association of symptomatic infection with the tertiles of IgG, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the relationship between IgG level and negative conversion time.ResultsThe average age of the 168 children included in this study was 7.2 (4.7) years old, 133 (79.2%) were symptomatic patients, and the average negative conversion time was 12.2 (3.5) days. The participants with high IgG levels were less likely to become symptomatic, had a shorter turnaround time, and had higher values of IgM and nucleic acid CT. Compared to those with the lowest tertile of IgG, patients with the highest tertile had a 91% lower risk of developing a symptomatic infection after fully adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.02-0.36, p = 0.001). There’s no robust relationship between IgG level and negative conversion time in multivariate Cox regression.ConclusionThe risk of developing a symptomatic infection can be predicted independently by tertiles of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens. High IgG levels can inhibit viral replication, vastly reduce the risk of symptomatic infections and promote a virus-negative conversion, especially when IgG quantitative detection was ≥3.44 S/CO, a potential threshold for protection and booster strategy in the future. More data and research are needed in the future to validate the predictive models.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Chen, Hong, Deng, Weng, Huang, Wang, Ou, Li, Yu, Guo and Yang.