Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Hongjuan Cui¹  Xin Zhou²  Yaokai Chen³  Jing Ouyang⁴  Jiangyu Yan⁴  Vijay Harypursat⁴  Stéphane Isnard⁵  Jean-Pierre Routy⁶ 

[1] Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China;Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China;Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China;Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China;Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada;Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada;Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada;Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada;Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada;Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada;

关键词: HIV infection;    biomarker;    intestine;    microbial translocation;    inflammation;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173956

 received in 2023-02-25, accepted in 2023-04-10,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The intestinal barrier has the daunting task of allowing nutrient absorption while limiting the entry of microbial products into the systemic circulation. HIV infection disrupts the intestinal barrier and increases intestinal permeability, leading to microbial product translocation. Convergent evidence has shown that gut damage and an enhanced level of microbial translocation contribute to the enhanced immune activation, the risk of non-AIDS comorbidity, and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Gut biopsy procedures are invasive, and are not appropriate or feasible in large populations, even though they are the gold standard for intestinal barrier investigation. Thus, validated biomarkers that measure the degree of intestinal barrier damage and microbial translocation are needed in PLWH. Hematological biomarkers represent an objective indication of specific medical conditions and/or their severity, and should be able to be measured accurately and reproducibly via easily available and standardized blood tests. Several plasma biomarkers of intestinal damage, i.e., intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, and regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α), and biomarkers of microbial translocation, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) have been used as markers of risk for developing non-AIDS comorbidities in cross sectional analyses and clinical trials, including those aiming at repair of gut damage. In this review, we critically discuss the value of different biomarkers for the estimation of gut permeability levels, paving the way towards developing validated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to repair gut epithelial damage and to improve overall disease outcomes in PLWH.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Ouyang, Yan, Zhou, Isnard, Harypursat, Cui, Routy and Chen