Differential Effects of One Meal per Day in the Evening on Metabolic Health and Physical Performance in Lean Individuals

Frontiers in Physiology

Physiology

Maarten R. Soeters¹  Thomas van Barneveld¹  Anne van Riel¹  Emma C. E. Meessen¹  Johannes A. Romijn²  Jørgen Jensen³  Egil I. Johansen³  Håvard Andresen³  Frank G. Schaap⁴  Steven W. M. Olde Damink⁴  E. Marleen Kemper⁵  Anders J. Kolnes⁶ 

[1] Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway;Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands;Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany;Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers—Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;

关键词: time restricted eating;    time restricted feeding;    physical performance;    postprandial metabolism;    bile acids;    human;    glucose;    energy expentidure;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2021.771944

 received in 2021-09-07, accepted in 2021-12-20,  发布年份 2022

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Background: Generally, food intake occurs in a three-meal per 24 h fashion with in-between meal snacking. As such, most humans spend more than ∼ 12–16 h per day in the postprandial state. It may be reasoned from an evolutionary point of view, that the human body is physiologically habituated to less frequent meals. Metabolic flexibility (i.e., reciprocal changes in carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation) is a characteristic of metabolic health and is reduced by semi-continuous feeding. The effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on metabolic parameters and physical performance in humans are equivocal.Methods: To investigate the effect of TRF on metabolism and physical performance in free-living healthy lean individuals, we compared the effects of eucaloric feeding provided by a single meal (22/2) vs. three meals per day in a randomized crossover study. We included 13 participants of which 11 (5 males/6 females) completed the study: age 31.0 ± 1.7 years, BMI 24.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2 and fat mass (%) 24.0 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM). Participants consumed all the calories needed for a stable weight in either three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) or one meal per day between 17:00 and 19:00 for 11 days per study period.Results: Eucaloric meal reduction to a single meal per day lowered total body mass (3 meals/day –0.5 ± 0.3 vs. 1 meal/day –1.4 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.03), fat mass (3 meals/day –0.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1 meal/day –0.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.049) and increased exercise fatty acid oxidation (p < 0.001) without impairment of aerobic capacity or strength (p > 0.05). Furthermore, we found lower plasma glucose concentrations during the second half of the day during the one meal per day intervention (p < 0.05).Conclusion: A single meal per day in the evening lowers body weight and adapts metabolic flexibility during exercise via increased fat oxidation whereas physical performance was not affected.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2022 Meessen, Andresen, van Barneveld, van Riel, Johansen, Kolnes, Kemper, Olde Damink, Schaap, Romijn, Jensen and Soeters.