Phenotypic evolution in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) based on SNPs, morphological traits, UPOV descriptors and kernel-related traits

Frontiers in Plant Science

Plant Science

Pasquale De Vita¹  Fabio Fania²  Francesca Taranto³  Salvatore Esposito³  Giuseppina Logozzo⁴  Tania Gioia⁴  Rita Sica⁴  Stefania Marzario⁴ 

[1] Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy;Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE) - University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy;Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Bari, Italy;School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy;

关键词: Triticum durum;    DAPC;    molecular marker;    phenotypic traits;    PCAmix;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpls.2023.1206560

 received in 2023-04-15, accepted in 2023-07-21,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Durum wheat is a worldwide staple crop cultivated mainly in the Mediterranean basin. Progress in durum wheat breeding requires the exploitation of genetic variation among the gene pool enclosed in landraces, old cultivars and modern cultivars. The aim of this study was to provide a more comprehensive view of the genetic architecture evolution among 123 durum wheat accessions (41 landraces, 41 old cultivars and 41 modern cultivars), grown in replicated randomized complete block in two areas, Metaponto (Basilicata) and Foggia (Apulia), using the Illumina iSelect 15K wheat SNP array and 33 plant and kernel traits including the International Union for the Protection of new Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptors. Through DAPC and Bayesian population structure five groups were identified according to type of material data and reflecting the genetic basis and breeding strategies involved in their development. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were low for kernel width (6.43%) and for grain protein content (1.03%). Highly significant differences between environments, genotypes and GEI (Genotype x Environment Interaction) were detected by mixed ANOVAs for agro-morphological-quality traits. Number of kernels per spike (h2 = 0.02) and grain protein content (h2 = 0.03) were not a heritability character and highly influenced by the environment. Nested ANOVAs revealed highly significant differences between DAPC clusters within environments for all traits except kernel roundness. Ten UPOV traits showed significant diversity for their frequencies in the two environments. By PCAmix multivariate analysis, plant height, heading time, spike length, weight of kernels per spike, thousand kernel weight, and the seed related traits had heavy weight on the differentiation of the groups, while UPOV traits discriminated moderately or to a little extent. The data collected in this study provide useful resources to facilitate management and use of wheat genetic diversity that has been lost due to selection in the last decades.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Marzario, Sica, Taranto, Fania, Esposito, De Vita, Gioia and Logozzo

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