Preferential associations in an unstable social network: applying social network analysis to a dynamic sow herd

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Veterinary Science

Jonathan R. Amory¹  Sarah L. Jowett²  Zoe Elizabeth Barker³ 

[1] Department of Animal Science, Writtle University College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom;Department of Animal Science, Writtle University College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom;Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland;Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;

关键词: preferential association;    network;    connectedness;    motivation;    pig;    social tie;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fvets.2023.1166632

 received in 2023-02-15, accepted in 2023-05-11,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Preferential associations are fitness-enhancing ties between individuals, documented in a range of taxa. Despite this, research into preferential associations remains underrepresented in commercial species, particularly pigs. This study investigates the development of preferential associations in a dynamic sow herd. Preferential associations were defined as approaching a resting sow and then sitting or lying with physical contact with the selected sow, separated by < 1 m from the head or directly next to her, with interaction tolerated for > 60 s. For individual identification, each sow was marked with colored dots, stripes, or both, corresponding to their ear-tag number. Preferential associations were measured over one production cycle of 21 days. Behavioral observations took place on 7 days of the study, with 3 h of behavior per day recorded during peak activity times (08:00–09:00, 15:00–16:00, 20:00–21:00 h). Behaviors were recorded using five cameras, each positioned within the barn to provide coverage of the functional areas. The network metrics applied included in-degree centrality (received ties), out-degree centrality (initiated ties), centralization (the extent to which an individual is central within the network), clustering coefficient (a measure of tie strength), and the E-I Index (a measure of assortment by trait: parity, familiarity, and sociality). Individuals were added and removed during the study, so the centrality metrics of missing sows were weighted. To describe the structure of the network, brokerage typologies were applied. Brokerage typologies include five positions, including coordinators, gatekeepers, representatives, consultants, and liaisons. The results revealed social discrimination in assortment by connectedness even when ties were not reciprocal, and the most connected sows were significantly more likely to be approached than less connected individuals. The most connected sows had significantly higher in-degree and out-degree centrality. With the application of brokerage typologies, the results showed a relationship between connectedness and brokering type, with the most connected sows predominantly engaging in coordinating behavior. The results suggest that the motivation for discrimination in the unstable preferential association network was not founded upon bidirectional interactions. These findings highlight the complexities involved when forming social preferences and present a platform for further exploring the motivations for preferential associations among intensively farmed pigs.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Jowett, Barker and Amory.