Multilimbed membrane guanylate cyclase signaling system, evolutionary ladder

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Molecular Neuroscience

Rameshwar K. Sharma¹  Teresa Duda² 

[1] The Unit of Regulatory and Molecular Biology, Research Divisions of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA, United States;null;

关键词: membrane guanylate cyclase;    cyclic GMP signaling pathways;    surface receptors;    calcium;    sensory neurons;    cardiovascular;    carbon dioxide;    transduction modes;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnmol.2022.1022771

 received in 2022-08-18, accepted in 2022-11-14,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

One monumental discovery in the field of cell biology is the establishment of the membrane guanylate cyclase signal transduction system. Decoding its fundamental, molecular, biochemical, and genetic features revolutionized the processes of developing therapies for diseases of endocrinology, cardio-vasculature, and sensory neurons; lastly, it has started to leave its imprints with the atmospheric carbon dioxide. The membrane guanylate cyclase does so via its multi-limbed structure. The inter-netted limbs throughout the central, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems perform these functions. They generate their common second messenger, cyclic GMP to affect the physiology. This review describes an historical account of their sequential evolutionary development, their structural components and their mechanisms of interaction. The foundational principles were laid down by the discovery of its first limb, the ACTH modulated signaling pathway (the companion monograph). It challenged two general existing dogmas at the time. First, there was the question of the existence of a membrane guanylate cyclase independent from a soluble form that was heme-regulated. Second, the sole known cyclic AMP three-component-transduction system was modulated by GTP-binding proteins, so there was the question of whether a one-component transduction system could exclusively modulate cyclic GMP in response to the polypeptide hormone, ACTH. The present review moves past the first question and narrates the evolution and complexity of the cyclic GMP signaling pathway. Besides ACTH, there are at least five additional limbs. Each embodies a unique modular design to perform a specific physiological function; exemplified by ATP binding and phosphorylation, Ca2+-sensor proteins that either increase or decrease cyclic GMP synthesis, co-expression of antithetical Ca2+ sensors, GCAP1 and S100B, and modulation by atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The complexity provided by these various manners of operation enables membrane guanylate cyclase to conduct diverse functions, exemplified by the control over cardiovasculature, sensory neurons and, endocrine systems.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Duda and Sharma.