Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility

Frontiers in Microbiology

Microbiology

Uwe Groß¹  Ines Oehmig¹  Wolfgang Bohne¹  Julian Schwanbeck² 

[1] Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany;Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany;Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States;

关键词: Clostridioides difficile;    nutrients;    motility;    flagella;    minimal medium optimization;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172707

 received in 2023-02-23, accepted in 2023-03-15,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

As many gastro-intestinal pathogens, the majority of Clostridioides difficile strains express flagella together with a complete chemotaxis system. The resulting swimming motility is likely contributing to the colonization success of this important pathogen. In contrast to the well investigated general energy metabolism of C. difficile, little is known about the metabolic requirements for maintaining the ion motive force across the membrane, which in turn powers the flagellar motor. We studied here systematically the effect of various amino acids and carbohydrates on the swimming velocity of C. difficile using video microscopy in conjunction with a software based quantification of the swimming speed. Removal of individual amino acids from the medium identified proline and cysteine as the most important amino acids that power swimming motility. Glycine, which is as proline one of the few amino acids that are reduced in Stickland reactions, was not critical for swimming motility. This suggests that the ion motive force that powers the flagellar motor, is critically depending on proline reduction. A maximal and stable swimming motility was achieved with only four compounds, including the amino acids proline, cysteine and isoleucine together with a single, but interchangeable carbohydrate source such as glucose, succinate, mannose, ribose, pyruvate, trehalose, or ethanolamine. We expect that the identified “minimal motility medium” will be useful in future investigations on the flagellar motility and chemotactic behavior in C. difficile, particularly for the unambiguous identification of chemoattractants.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Schwanbeck, Oehmig, Groß and Bohne.