HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Daniel Gomez¹  Sanjana Satish¹  Yaa Abu²  Sabita Roy³  Rajib Kumar Dutta³ 

[1] Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States;

关键词: HIV;    opioid use disorder;    medication assisted treatment;    gut microbiome;    fecal microbial transplantation;    probiotics;    antiretroviral therapy;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156862

 received in 2023-02-03, accepted in 2023-03-22,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome.Aim of reviewHere, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes.Key scientific concepts of reviewWhile the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Satish, Abu, Gomez, Kumar Dutta and Roy