Tissue characterization of benign cardiac tumors by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a review of core imaging protocol and benign cardiac tumors

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Cardiovascular Medicine

Abdul Majid¹  Abdul Wali Khan²  Ijaz Ali³  Hameed Ullah³  Muhammad Tayyab Anwar⁴  Omama Humayun⁴  Muhammad Saad Anwar⁵  Muhammad Sikandar Karim⁵  Furqan Ul Haq⁶  Atif Hussain Sarwar⁷  Imran Haider⁸  Fazal Alam⁹  Fatima Kausar Nawaz^1,10  Mishaim Fatima^1,11 

[1] Department of Radiation Oncology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan;Internal Medicine Department, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College Hospital: Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan;Radiology Department, Saint Luke’s Hospital, Chesterfield, MO, United States;Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Pakistan;Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Pakistan;Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan;Shifa Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan;

关键词: benign cardiac tumors;    magnetic resonance imaging;    tissue characterization;    atrial myxoma;    fibroelastoma;    cardiac MRI (CMR);   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcvm.2023.1009411

 received in 2022-08-05, accepted in 2023-04-18,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Generally, cardiac masses are initially suspected on routine echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is further performed to differentiate tumors from pseudo-tumors and to characterize the cardiac masses based on their appearance on T1/T2-weighted images, detection of perfusion and demonstration of gadolinium-based contrast agent uptake on early and late gadolinium enhancement images. Further evaluation of cardiac masses by CMR is critical because unnecessary surgery can be avoided by better tissue characterization. Different cardiac tissues have different T1 and T2 relaxation times, principally owing to different internal biochemical environments surrounding the protons. In CMR, the signal intensity from a particular tissue depends on its T1 and T2 relaxation times and its proton density. CMR uses this principle to differentiate between various tissue types by weighting images based on their T1 or T2 relaxation times. Generally, tumor cells are larger, edematous, and have associated inflammatory reactions. Higher free water content of the neoplastic cells and other changes in tissue composition lead to prolonged T1/T2 relaxation times and thus an inherent contrast between tumors and normal tissue exists. Overall, these biochemical changes create an environment where different cardiac masses produce different signal intensity on their T1- weighted and T2- weighted images that help to discriminate between them. In this review article, we have provided a detailed description of the core CMR imaging protocol for evaluation of cardiac masses. We have also discussed the basic features of benign cardiac tumors as well as the role of CMR in evaluation and further tissue characterization of these tumors.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© 2023 Haider, Ullah, Fatima, Karim, Haq, Majid, Anwar, Nawaz, Ehsan, Ali, Sarwar, Anwar, Khan, Humayun and Alam.