Development and application of oncolytic viruses as the nemesis of tumor cells

Frontiers in Microbiology

Microbiology

Xiuqing Liu¹  Chenyang Fan²  Tao Tao³  Zesong Li⁴  Mingwei Chen⁵  Zhuolong Xiong⁵  Xiao Zhu⁶ 

[1] Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China;Department of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Technology, School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China;Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China;The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China;The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology—Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, United States;

关键词: anti-tumor immune response;    oncolytic virus;    tumor cells;    PD-1;    adenovirus;    herpes simplex virus;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188526

 received in 2023-03-17, accepted in 2023-05-18,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Viruses and tumors are two pathologies that negatively impact human health, but what occurs when a virus encounters a tumor? A global consensus among cancer patients suggests that surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other methods are the primary means to combat cancer. However, with the innovation and development of biomedical technology, tumor biotherapy (immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, etc.) has emerged as an alternative treatment for malignant tumors. Oncolytic viruses possess numerous anti-tumor properties, such as directly lysing tumor cells, activating anti-tumor immune responses, and improving the tumor microenvironment. Compared to traditional immunotherapy, oncolytic virus therapy offers advantages including high killing efficiency, precise targeting, and minimal side effects. Although oncolytic virus (OV) therapy was introduced as a novel approach to tumor treatment in the 19th century, its efficacy was suboptimal, limiting its widespread application. However, since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first OV therapy drug, T-VEC, in 2015, interest in OV has grown significantly. In recent years, oncolytic virus therapy has shown increasingly promising application prospects and has become a major research focus in the field of cancer treatment. This article reviews the development, classification, and research progress of oncolytic viruses, as well as their mechanisms of action, therapeutic methods, and routes of administration.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Zhu, Fan, Xiong, Chen, Li, Tao and Liu.