Insights into monkeypox pathophysiology, global prevalence, clinical manifestation and treatments

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Ziwen Li¹  Xiao Liu²  Qin Ling³  Liyan Niu⁴  Dingfa Liang⁵  Jianyong Ma⁶  Ao Shi⁷  Jing Zhang⁸  Deju Zhang⁹  Jitao Lin⁹  Peng Yu⁹  Zicheng Zhu⁹  Panpan Xia⁹ 

[1] Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;Huan Kui College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States;Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States;School of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, United Kingdom;Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;Third Department of Internal Medicine, Dexing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dexing, Jiangxi, China;

关键词: monkeypox virus (MPV);    origin;    pathophysiology;    global prevalence;    clinical manifestation;    treatment;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1132250

 received in 2022-12-27, accepted in 2023-03-02,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

On 23rd July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the ongoing monkeypox outbreak as a public medical crisis. Monkeypox virus (MPV), the etiological agent of monkeypox, is a zoonotic, linear, double-stranded DNA virus. In 1970, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported the first case of MPV infection. Human-to-human transmission can happen through sexual contact, inhaled droplets, or skin-to-skin contact. Once inoculated, the viruses multiply rapidly and spread into the bloodstream to cause viremia, which then affect multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, lungs, and liver. By September 9, 2022, more than 57,000 cases had been reported in 103 locations, especially in Europe and the United States. Infected patients are characterized by physical symptoms such as red rash, fatigue, backache, muscle aches, headache, and fever. A variety of medical strategies are available for orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox. Monkeypox prevention following the smallpox vaccine has shown up to 85% efficacy, and several antiviral drugs, such as Cidofovir and Brincidofovir, may slow the viral spread. In this article, we review the origin, pathophysiology, global epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and possible treatments of MPV to prevent the propagation of the virus and provide cues to generate specific drugs.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Niu, Liang, Ling, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Xia, Zhu, Lin, Shi, Ma, Yu and Liu