Herpesviruses reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Journal of Medical Research

Review

Arman Shafiee¹  Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani²  Kyana Jafarabady³  Mohammad Javad Amini³  Seyyed Amirhossein Salehi⁴  Hamed Hajishah⁵  Razman Arabzadeh Bahri⁶ 

[1] Clinical Research Development Unit, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical, Sciences, Karaj, Iran;Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    Vaccination;    Herpesvirus;    HHV;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40001-023-01238-9

 received in 2023-01-15, accepted in 2023-07-19,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe reactivation of herpesviruses (HHV) in COVID-19 patients is evident in the literature. Several reports have been published regarding the reactivation of these viruses (HSV, VZV, EBV, and CMV) among those who got COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we aimed to review the current evidence to assess whether HHVs reactivation has any association with the prior administration of COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on 25 September 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We included all observational studies, case reports, and case series which reported the reactivation of human herpesviruses following administration of COVID-19 vaccines.ResultsOur systematic search showed 80 articles that meet the eligibility criteria. Among the evaluated COVID-19 vaccines, most of the vaccines were mRNA based. Evidence from observational studies showed the possible relation between COVID-19 vaccine administration and VZV and HSV reactivation. The results of our proportion meta-analysis showed that the rate of VZV reactivation among those who received the COVID-19 vaccine was 14 persons per 1000 vaccinations (95% CI 2.97–32.80). Moreover, our meta-analysis for HSV reactivation showed the rate of 16 persons per 1000 vaccinations (95% CI 1.06–46.4). Furthermore, the evidence from case reports/series showed 149 cases of HHV reactivation. There were several vaccines that caused reactivation including BNT162b2 mRNA or Pfizer–BioNTech (n = 76), Oxford-AstraZeneca (n = 22), mRNA-1273 or Moderna (n = 17), Sinovac (n = 4), BBIBP-CorV or Sinopharm (n = 3), Covaxin (n = 3), Covishield (n = 3), and Johnson and Johnson (n = 1). Reactivated HHVs included varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (n = 114), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (n = 15), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (n = 14), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (n = 6), and HHV-6 (n = 2). Most cases reported their disease after the first dose of the vaccine. Many patients reported having comorbidities, of which hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chicken pox, and atrial fibrillation were common.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study showed the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and herpesvirus reactivation. The evidence for VZV and HSV was supported by observational studies. However, regarding other herpesviruses (EBV and CMV), further research especially from observational studies and clinical trials is required to elucidate the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and their reactivation.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

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