Association of fine particulate matter and its constituents with hypertension: the modifying effect of dietary patterns

Environmental Health

Research

Lahong Ju¹  Yuxiang Yang¹  Xiaoli Xu¹  Xiaoqi Wei¹  Qiya Guo¹  Kun Huang¹  Liyun Zhao²  Wei Piao²  Dongmei Yu²  Hongyun Fang² 

[1] National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China;National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China;NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100050, Beijing, China;

关键词: Hypertension;    Stage 1 hypertension;    Air pollution;    Fine particulate matter;    Chemical constituents;    Diet;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-023-01000-y

 received in 2023-02-27, accepted in 2023-06-19,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundStudies have shown that nutritional supplements could reduce the adverse effects induced by air pollution. However, whether dietary patterns can modify the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline has not been evaluated.MethodsWe included 47,501 Chinese adults from a nationwide cross-sectional study. PM2.5 and five constituents were estimated by satellite-based random forest models. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores were calculated for each participant. Interactions between dietary patterns and air pollution were examined by adding a multiplicative interaction term to logistic models.ResultsLong-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension. The DASH and AMED scores significantly modified these associations, as individuals with higher scores had a significantly lower risk of air pollution-related hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension (P-interaction < 0.05), except for interaction between PM2.5, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and AMED score on stage 1 hypertension. For each IQR increase in PM2.5, participants with the lowest DASH and AMED quintiles had hypertension risk with ORs (95%CI) of 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) and 1.19 (1.09, 1.29), whereas those with the highest DASH and AMED quintiles had lower risks with 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) and 1.04 (0.97, 1.11). The stratified analysis found modification effect was more prominent in the < 65 years age group. Consuming more fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy would reduce the risk of hypertension caused by PM2.5 and its constituents.ConclusionsDietary patterns rich in antioxidants can reduce long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents-induced hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, especially in young and middle-aged individuals. Compared to the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet offers superior dietary guidance to prevent stage 1 hypertension caused by air pollution.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

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