Elevated blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of microglial activation and blood‒brain barrier disruption in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Brief Report

Ning Feng¹  Xinxin Wang²  Jia Ma³  Kai Feng³  Jiali Sun⁴  Tianshu Guo⁴  Yuzhen Wei⁴  Xinghu Zhang⁴  Huabing Wang⁴  Yun Xu⁴  Haoxiao Chang⁵  Linlin Yin⁵ 

[1] China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China;Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng Third People’s Hospital, 252000, Liaocheng, China;China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China;Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 475001, Henan, China;Department of Neurology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, 101300, Beijing, China;Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China;Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China;China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China;

关键词: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis;    Microglial activation;    Blood‒brain barrier disruption;    sTREM2;    CD44;    MMP9;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12974-023-02841-7

 received in 2022-10-05, accepted in 2023-06-23,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAnti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by complex neuropsychiatric syndrome and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been reported to be associated with inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and cluster of differentiation (CD44) were measured to evaluate blood‒brain barrier (BBB) permeability in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The roles of microglial activation and BBB disruption in anti-NMDAR encephalitis are not well known.FindingsIn this work, we detected increased expression levels of CSF sTREM2, CSF and serum CD44, and serum MMP9 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients compared with controls. CSF sTREM2 levels were positively related to both CSF CD44 levels (r = 0.702, p < 0.0001) and serum MMP9 levels (r = 0.428, p = 0.021). In addition, CSF sTREM2 levels were related to clinical parameters (modified Rankin Scale scores, r = 0.422, p = 0.023, and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, r = − 0.401, p = 0.031).ConclusionIncreased sTREM2 levels in CSF as well as increased CD44 and MMP9 in serum and CSF reflected activation of microglia and disruption of the BBB in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, expanding the understanding of neuroinflammation in this disease. The factors mentioned above may have potential as novel targets for intervention or novel diagnostic biomarkers.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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