Cholera and COVID-19 pandemic prevention in multiple hotspot districts of Uganda: vaccine coverage, adverse events following immunization and WASH conditions survey

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research Article

Brenda Doreen Nakirya¹  Stephen Acellam Okello²  Alfred Okello³  Joan Badebye⁴  Esther Amulen⁵  Justine N. Bukenya⁵  John Baptist Bwanika⁵  Christopher Garimoi Orach⁵  Christine Aanyu⁵  Godfrey Bwire⁶  Annet Kisakye⁷ 

[1] Community Concerns Uganda Initiative, Jinja, Uganda;Department of Health Services, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda;Department of Public Health, St Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda;School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;Division of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda;World Health Organization, Kampala, Uganda;

关键词: COVID;    Vaccine hesitancy;    Cholera;    Africa;    Pandemic;    Uganda;    Water coverage;    Sanitation;    Vaccine coverage;    WASH;    Adverse event following immunization;    Coronavirus;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-023-08462-y

 received in 2022-08-26, accepted in 2023-07-13,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundBetween March, 2020 and December, 2021 due to cholera and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, there were 1,534 cholera cases with 14 deaths and 136,065 COVID-19 cases with 3,285 deaths reported respectively in Uganda. This study investigated mass vaccination campaigns for the prevention of the two pandemics namely: oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and COVID-19 vaccine coverage; adverse events following immunization (AEFI); barriers and enablers for the vaccine uptake and assessed water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in the six cholera and COVID-19 hotspot districts of Uganda.MethodsA household survey was conducted between January and February, 2022 in the six cholera hotspot districts of Uganda which had recently conducted OCV mass vaccination campaigns and had ongoing COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. The survey randomly enrolled 900 households with 4,315 persons of whom 2,085 were above 18 years. Data were collected using a data entry application designed in KoBoToolbox and analysed using STATA version 14. Frequencies, percentages, odds ratios, means, confidence intervals and maps were generated and interpreted.ResultsThe OCV coverage for dose one and two were 85% (95% CI: 84.2—86.4) and 67% (95% CI: 65.6—68.4) respectively. Among the 4,315 OCV recipients, 2% reported mild AEFI, 0.16% reported moderate AEFI and none reported severe AEFI. The COVID-19 vaccination coverage for dose one and two were 69.8% (95% CI: 67.8–71.8) and 18.8% (95% CI: 17.1–20.5) respectively. Approximately, 23% (478/2,085) of COVID-19 vaccine recipient reported AEFI; most 94% were mild, 0.6% were moderate and 2 cases were severe. The commonest reason for missing COVID-19 vaccine was fear of the side effects. For most districts (5/6), sanitation (latrine/toilet) coverage were low at 7.4%—37.4%.ConclusionThere is high OCV coverage but low COVID-19 vaccine and sanitation coverage with high number of moderate cases of AEFI recorded due to COVID-19 vaccines. The low COVID-19 vaccine coverage could indicate vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, incorporation of WASH conditions assessment in the OCV coverage surveys is recommended for similar settings to generate data for better planning. However, more studies are required on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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