Metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria are potent candidates for mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis

AMB Express

Original Article

Zsófia Boros¹  Attila Hettyey²  János Ujszegi²  András Fodor³  Balázs Vajna⁴ 

[1]Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary

[2]Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

[3]Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

[4]Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary

[5]Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

[6]Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

[7]Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

关键词: Amphibian pathogen;    Antifungal treatment;    Antimicrobial;    Bioaugmentation;    Chemical-free disinfection;    Skin microbiota;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13568-023-01585-0

 received in 2023-02-15, accepted in 2023-07-20,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused extreme losses in amphibian biodiversity. Finding bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties may turn out to be invaluable in the fight against this devastating disease. The entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. budapestensis produce secondary metabolites that are effective against a wide range of fungal plant pathogens. To assess whether they may also be effective against Bd, we extracted cell-free culture media (CFCM) from liquid cultures of X. szentirmaii and X. budapestensis and tested their ability to inhibit Bd growth in vitro. As a second step, using juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) experimentally infected with Bd we also tested the in vivo antifungal efficacy of X. szentirmaii CFCM diluted to 2 and 10% (v/v), while also assessing possible malign side effects on amphibians. Results of the in vitro experiment documented highly effective growth inhibition by CFCMs of both Xenorhabdus species. The in vivo experiment showed that treatment with CFCM of X. szentirmaii applied at a dilution of 10% resulted in infection intensities reduced by ca. 73% compared to controls and to juvenile toads treated with CFCM applied at a dilution of 2%. At the same time, we detected no negative side effects of treatment with CFCM on toad survival and development. Our results clearly support the idea that metabolites of X. szentirmaii, and perhaps of several other Xenorhabdus species as well, may prove highly useful for the treatment of Bd infected amphibians.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023

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