How does dental implant macrogeometry affect primary implant stability? A narrative review

International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Review

Ralf Smeets¹  Peer W. Kämmerer²  Diana Heimes²  Keyvan Sagheb²  Philipp Becker³  Andreas Pabst³  Amely Hartmann⁴  Annika Kraus⁵ 

[1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of “Regenerative Orofacial Medicine”, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstraße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany;Private Practice for Oral Surgery, Echterdinger Straße 7, 70794, Filderstadt, Germany;Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany;

关键词: Implant geometry;    Primary stability;    Macro-design;    Thread design;    Implant length;    Implant diameter;    Narrative review;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40729-023-00485-z

 received in 2023-05-03, accepted in 2023-06-21,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

PurposeThe macrogeometry of a dental implant plays a decisive role in its primary stability. A larger diameter, a conical shape, and a roughened surface increase the contact area of the implant with the surrounding bone and thus improve primary stability. This is considered the basis for successful implant osseointegration that different factors, such as implant design, can influence. This narrative review aims to critically review macro-geometric features affecting the primary stability of dental implants.MethodsFor this review, a comprehensive literature search and review of relevant studies was conducted based on formulating a research question, searching the literature using keywords and electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to search for relevant studies. These studies were screened and selected, the study quality was assessed, data were extracted, the results were summarized, and conclusions were drawn.ResultsThe macrogeometry of a dental implant includes its surface characteristics, size, and shape, all of which play a critical role in its primary stability. At the time of placement, the initial stability of an implant is determined by its contact area with the surrounding bone. Larger diameter and a conical shape of an implant result in a larger contact area and better primary stability. But the linear relationship between implant length and primary stability ends at 12 mm.ConclusionsSeveral factors must be considered when choosing the ideal implant geometry, including local factors such as the condition of the bone and soft tissues at the implant site and systemic and patient-specific factors such as osteoporosis, diabetes, or autoimmune diseases. These factors can affect the success of the implant procedure and the long-term stability of an implant. By considering these factors, the surgeon can ensure the greatest possible therapeutic success and minimize the risk of implant failure.Graphical Abstract

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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