Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

卷:12

Review

关键词: SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;    PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE;    THYROGLOBULIN GENE POLYMORPHISM;    MODERATE ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION;    SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS;    CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C;    REGULATORY T-CELLS;    GRAVES-DISEASE;    HASHIMOTOS-THYROIDITIS;    STIMULATING HORMONE;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells12060918

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Hashimoto's thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.