Adrenal insufficiency management in the pediatric emergency setting and risk factors for adrenal crisis development

Italian Journal of Pediatrics

Research

Gerdi Tuli¹  Patrizia Matarazzo¹  Luisa de Sanctis¹  Emanuele Castagno²  Claudia Bondone²  Jessica Munarin³  Enrica Abrigo³ 

[1] Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy;Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy;Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy;Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy;Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;

关键词: Adrenal insufficiency;    Emergency;    Adrenal crisis;    Management;    Pediatric age;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13052-023-01475-y

 received in 2023-03-08, accepted in 2023-05-16,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIn patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI), adrenal crisis (AC) represents a clinical emergency. Early recognition and prompt management of AC or AC-risk conditions in the Emergency Department (ED) can reduce critical episodes and AC-related outcomes. The aim of the study is to report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of AC presentation to improve their timely recognition and proper management in a ED setting.MethodsSingle-centre, retrospective, observational study on pediatric patients followed at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital of Turin for primary AI (PAI) and central AI (CAI).ResultsAmong the 89 children followed for AI (44 PAI, 45 CAI), 35 patients (21 PAI, 14 CAI) referred to the PED, for a total of 77 accesses (44 in patients with PAI and 33 with CAI). The main causes of admission to the PED were gastroenteritis (59.7%), fever, hyporexia or asthenia (45.5%), neurological signs and respiratory disorders (33.8%). The mean sodium value at PED admission was 137.2 ± 1.23 mmol/l and 133.3 ± 1.46 mmol/l in PAI and CAI, respectively (p = 0.05). Steroids administration in PED was faster in patients with CAI than in those with PAI (2.75 ± 0.61 and 3.09 ± 1.47 h from PED access, p = 0.83). Significant factors related to the development of AC were signs of dehydration at admission (p = 0.027) and lack of intake or increase of usual steroid therapy at home (p = 0.059). Endocrinological consulting was requested in 69.2% of patients with AC and 48.4% of subjects without AC (p = 0.032).Conclusionchildren with AI may refer to the PED with an acute life-threatening condition that needs prompt recognition and management. These preliminary data indicate how critical the education of children and families with AI is to improve the management at home, and how fundamental the collaboration of the pediatric endocrinologist with all PED personnel is in raising awareness of early symptoms and signs of AC to anticipate the proper treatment and prevent or reduce the correlated serious events.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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