Treatment of critically ill patients with cefiderocol for infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: review of the evidence

Annals of Intensive Care

Review

Gian Maria Rossolini¹  Thomas P. Lodise²  Christian E. Sandrock³  Pierluigi Viale⁴  Paula Ramirez⁵ 

[1]Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

[2]Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy

[3]Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA

[4]Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

[5]Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italy

[6]Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

[7]Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain

关键词: Appropriate antibiotic;    Cefiderocol;    Critically ill;    Dosing;    Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria;    Nosocomial pneumonia;    Sepsis;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13613-023-01146-5

 received in 2023-02-28, accepted in 2023-05-31,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Appropriate antibiotic treatment for critically ill patients with serious Gram-negative infections in the intensive care unit is crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality. Several new antibiotics have shown in vitro activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and difficult-to-treat resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefiderocol is the first approved siderophore beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity against multidrug-resistant, carbapenem-resistant, difficult-to-treat or extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, which have limited treatment options. The spectrum of activity of cefiderocol includes drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter spp. and Burkholderia spp. and CRE that produce serine- and/or metallo-carbapenemases. Phase 1 studies established that cefiderocol achieves adequate concentration in the epithelial lining fluid in the lung and requires dosing adjustment for renal function, including patients with augmented renal clearance and continuous renal-replacement therapy (CRRT); no clinically significant drug–drug interactions are expected. The non-inferiority of cefiderocol versus high-dose, extended-infusion meropenem in all-cause mortality (ACM) rates at day 14 was demonstrated in the randomized, double-blind APEKS–NP Phase 3 clinical study in patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by suspected or confirmed Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the efficacy of cefiderocol was investigated in the randomized, open-label, pathogen-focused, descriptive CREDIBLE–CR Phase 3 clinical study in its target patient population with serious carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections, including hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infection/sepsis, or complicated urinary tract infections. However, a numerically greater ACM rate with cefiderocol compared with BAT led to the inclusion of a warning in US and European prescribing information. Cefiderocol susceptibility results obtained with commercial tests should be carefully evaluated due to current issues regarding their accuracy and reliability. Since its approval, real-world evidence in patients with multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections suggests that cefiderocol can be efficacious in certain critically ill patient groups, such as those requiring mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia with subsequently acquired Gram-negative bacterial superinfection, and patients with CRRT and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In this article, we review the microbiological spectrum, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety profiles and real-world evidence for cefiderocol, and look at future considerations for its role in the treatment of critically ill patients with challenging Gram-negative bacterial infections.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1