Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and their relation to diagnosed ADHD, sociodemographic characteristics, and substance use among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a Norwegian cohort study

BMC Psychiatry

Research

Marianne Cook Pierron¹  Fatemeh Chalabianloo²  Lars Thore Fadnes²  Kjell Arne Johansson²  Jørn Henrik Vold³  Anne Halmøy⁴  Else-Marie Løberg⁵ 

[1] Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 65, N-5021, Bergen, Norway;Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 65, N-5021, Bergen, Norway;Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 65, N-5021, Bergen, Norway;Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;

关键词: Opioid substitution treatment;    Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms;    Substance-related disorders;    Injecting substance use;    Adult ADHD self-report scale;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12888-023-04980-w

 received in 2022-12-04, accepted in 2023-06-22,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may challenge sufficient treatment of substance use and mental disorders. The literature on the extent of such symptoms among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is scarce. This study examined ADHD symptoms using the ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) and the association between the ‘ASRS–memory’ and ‘ASRS–attention’ scores and substance use and sociodemographic characteristics among patients receiving OAT.MethodsWe used data from assessment visits of a cohort of patients in Norway. In total, 701 patients were included from May 2017 to March 2022. All patients responded at least once to two ASRS questions assessing memory and attention, respectively. Ordinal regression analyses were performed to investigate whether the two obtained scores were associated with age, sex, frequent substance use, injecting use, housing status, and educational attainment at baseline, i.e., the first assessment, and over time. The results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, a subsample of 225 patients completed an extended interview, including the ASRS–screener and collection of registered mental disorder diagnoses from the medical records. Standard cutoffs were used to define the presence of each ASRS symptom or a positive ASRS–screener (‘ASRS–positive’).ResultsAt baseline, 428 (61%) and 307 (53%) patients scored over the cutoffs on the ‘ASRS–memory’ and ‘ASRS–attention,’ respectively. Frequent cannabis use was associated with higher ‘ASRS–memory’ (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6) and ‘ASRS–attention’ (1.7, 1.1–2.5) scores compared with less or no use at baseline, though reduced score on the ‘ASRS–memory’ over time (0.7, 0.6–1.0). At baseline, frequent stimulant use (1.8, 1.0–3.2) and low educational attainment (0.1, 0.0–0.8) were associated with higher ‘ASRS–memory’ scores. In the subsample fulfilling the ASRS–screener, 45% of the patients were ‘ASRS–positive,’ of whom 13% with a registered ADHD diagnosis.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate a relationship between the ASRS–memory and –attention scores and frequent cannabis and stimulant use. Furthermore, nearly half of the subsample was ‘ASRS–positive.’ Patients receiving OAT might benefit from being further assessed for ADHD, but improved diagnostic methods are required.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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