Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20)

BMC Geriatrics

Research

Jawad Tariq¹  Mohammad Vaqas Ali¹  Florian Fischer²  Rubeena Zakar³  Muhammad Zakria Zakar⁴  Amal Sajjad⁴ 

[1] Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan;Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany;Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan;University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan;

关键词: Personal autonomy;    Quality of care;    Loneliness;    Psychological well-being;    Homes for the aged;    Old age homes;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w

 received in 2022-10-23, accepted in 2023-05-02,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPublished research on senior care facilities in Pakistan is scarce and no large-scale study has been conducted to assess factors affecting well-being of older adults in these facilities. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2019 to February 2020 using multistage random sampling. Existing reliable and valid scales were used to collect information from older adults related to relocation autonomy (Perceived Control Measure Scale), loneliness (de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale), satisfaction with service quality (Service Quality Scale), physical and psychological well-being (General Well-Being Scale), and social well-being (Duke Social Support Index). A psychometric analysis of these scales was carried out followed by three separate multiple regression analyses to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being from socio-demographic variables and key independent variables (relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with service quality).ResultsThe results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b = -0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b = -0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b = -0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being.ConclusionPragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023