Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults

Journal of Physiological Anthropology

Review

Shigekazu Higuchi¹  Taisuke Eto² 

[1] Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan;Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan;

关键词: Aging;    Non-image forming effect;    Older adults;    Children;    Light;    Crystalline lens;    Pupil;    Melatonin;    Circadian rhythm;    Pupillary light reflex;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40101-023-00328-1

 received in 2023-01-06, accepted in 2023-06-15,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle of the biological clock is referred to as non-visual effects of light collectively with melatonin suppression and pupillary light reflex. The non-visual effects of light may differ depending on age, and clarifying age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light is important for providing appropriate light environments for people of different ages. Therefore, in various research fields, including physiological anthropology, many studies on the effects of age on non-visual functions have been carried out in older people, children and adolescents by comparing the effects with young adults. However, whether the non-visual effects of light vary depending on age and, if so, what factors contribute to the differences have remained unclear. In this review, results of past and recent studies on age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light are presented and discussed in order to provide clues for answering the question of whether non-visual effects of light actually vary depending on age. Some studies, especially studies focusing on older people, have shown age-related differences in non-visual functions including differences in melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex, while other studies have shown no differences. Studies showing age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light have suspected senile constriction and crystalline lens opacity as factors contributing to the differences, while studies showing no age-related differences have suspected the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Some studies in children and adolescents have shown that children’s non-visual functions may be highly sensitive to light, but the studies comparing with other age groups seem to have been limited. In order to study age-related differences in non-visual effects in detail, comparative studies should be conducted using subjects having a wide range of ages and with as much control as possible for intensity, wavelength component, duration, circadian timing, illumination method of light exposure, and other factors (mydriasis or non-mydriasis, cataracts or not in the older adults, etc.).

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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