The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors

BMC Pediatrics

Research

Lillian Mwanri¹  Daniel Atlaw²  Chala Kene³  Degefa Gomora³  Kenbon Seyoum³  Demelash Woldeyohannes⁴  Yohannes Tekalegn⁵  Girma Beressa⁵  Demisu Zenbaba⁵  Fikreab Desta⁵  Biniyam Sahiledengle⁵  Kingsley Emwinyore Agho⁶  Abera Kumie⁷ 

[1] Centre for Public Health Research, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University, Adelaide Campus, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia;Department of Human Anatomy, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia;Department of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia;Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia;Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia;School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, 2751, Penrith, NSW, Australia;School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

关键词: Double burden;    Malnutrition;    Concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity;    Ethiopia;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12887-023-04037-7

 received in 2022-08-19, accepted in 2023-04-26,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundDouble burden of childhood malnutrition is a condition where undernutrition (stunting) along with overweight and obesity coexist within individuals, households, and populations. It reflects a new layer of malnutrition and an understudied phenomenon in many low-income settings. To date, the prevalence and factors that are associated with concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity (overweight/obesity) (CSO) in the same children have not been well researched in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with the coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity among children aged 0–59 months in Ethiopia.MethodsPooled data from 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 23,756 (weighted sample) children aged 0–59 months were included in the study. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) less than − 2 SD and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) above 2 SD were calculated, and children were classified as stunted and overweight/obese, respectively. A child who is simultaneously stunted and overweight/obese was considered as having HAZ below − 2 SD and WHZ above 2 SD computed into a variable named CSO, and reported as a binary outcome (yes or no). Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusts for sampling weights and clustering was used to identify factors associated with CSO.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting, overweight or obesity, and CSO among under-five children was 43.12% [95% CI: (42.50, 43.75%)], 2.62% [95% CI: (2.42, 2.83%)], and 1.33% [95% CI: (1.18, 1.48%)], respectively. The percentage of CSO children was reported to have declined from 2.36% [95% CI: (1.94–2.85)] in 2005 to 0.87% [95%CI: (0.07–1.07)] in 2011, and the same appeared to have increased slightly to 1.34% [95%CI: (1.13–1.59)] in 2016. Children who were currently breastfeeding [AOR: 1.64, 95%CI: (1.01–2.72)], born to an overweight mother [AOR: 2.65, 95%CI: (1.19–5.88)], and lived in families with 1–4 household members [AOR: 1.52, 95%CI: (1.02–2.26)] were significantly associated with CSO. At the community level the odds of having CSO were higher among children included from EDHS-2005 [AOR: 4.38, 95%CI: (2.42–7.95)].ConclusionThe study revealed that less than 2% of children had CSO in Ethiopia. CSO was linked to factors at both the individual (i.e. breastfeeding status, maternal overweight, and household size) and community-levels. Overall, the study findings indicated the necessity of focused interventions to simultaneously address double burden of childhood malnutrition in Ethiopia. To further combat the double burden of malnutrition, early identification of at-risk children, including those born to overweight women and children living with multiple household members, is indispensable.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

41116_2023_36_Article_IEq128.gif

41116_2023_36_Article_IEq127.gif

41116_2023_36_Article_IEq125.gif

41116_2023_36_Article_IEq122.gif

41116_2023_36_Article_IEq118.gif