The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Nuclear Fushion

article

M. Hoelzl¹  G.T.A. Huijsmans²  S.J.P. Pamela⁴  M. Bécoulet²  E. Nardon²  F.J. Artola¹  B. Nkonga⁶  C.V. Atanasiu⁷  V. Bandaru¹  A. Bhole⁶  D. Bonfiglio⁸  A. Cathey¹  O. Czarny^1,10  A. Dvornova²  T. Fehér¹  A. Fil⁴  E. Franck^1,11  S. Futatani^1,12  M. Gruca^1,13  H. Guillard^1,14  J.W. Haverkort^1,15  I. Holod¹  D. Hu^1,17  S.K. Kim^1,18  S.Q. Korving³  L. Kos^1,19  I. Krebs^2,20  L. Kripner^2,21  G. Latu²  F. Liu²  P. Merkel¹  D. Meshcheriakov¹  V. Mitterauer¹  S. Mochalskyy¹  J.A. Morales²  R. Nies¹  N. Nikulsin¹  F. Orain¹  J. Pratt^2,24  R. Ramasamy¹  P. Ramet^2,26  C. Reux²  K. Särkimäki¹  N. Schwarz¹  P. Singh Verma¹  S.F. Smith⁴  C. Sommariva^2,27  E. Strumberger¹  D.C. van Vugt³  M. Verbeek³  E. Westerhof^2,20  F. Wieschollek¹  J. Zielinski^2,28 

[1] Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics;CEA;Eindhoven University of Technology;CCFE, Culham Science Centre;ITER Organization;Université Côte d’Azur & Inria Sophia-Antipolis Méditerranée;National Institute for Laser;Consorzio RFX-CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova;Department of Physics, Technical University Munich;Framatome;Inria Nancy Grand Est and IRMA Strasbourg;Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya;Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion;Inria Sophia-Antipolis Méditerranée & Université Côte d’Azur, Inria;Delft University of Technology;Max Planck Computing and Data Facility;School of Physics, Beihang University;Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton;LECAD Laboratory, Mech. Eng., University of Ljubljana;DIFFER—Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research;Institute of Plasma Physics;Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton;Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton;Georgia State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy;Max-Planck/Princeton Research Center for Plasma Physics;LaBRI, Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux;Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ,(EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center;University of Saskatchewan

关键词: disruptions;    edge localized modes;    vertical displacement events;    ELM control;    disruption mitigation;    MHD simulations;    tokamak;   

DOI  :  10.1088/1741-4326/abf99f

来源: Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.

【 摘 要 】

JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile simulation code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control and is continuously developed in an international community with strong involvements in the European fusion research programme and ITER organization. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybrid kinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench triggered by massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection, runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events. Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring TQs triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied.

【 授权许可】

Unknown