Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater of Karak District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; pp. 297–306

Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences

article

Ivar Zekker¹  Muhammad Balal Arian²  Greg Michalski³  Sayed Zeeshan⁴  Hameed ul Haq⁴  Muhammad Ikram⁴  Abbas Khan⁴  Fazle Subhan⁴  Yahya Jani⁵  Zane Vincevica-Gaile⁶  Muhammed Zahoor⁷  Idrees Khan⁸  Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah⁴  Asif Khan⁴  Muhammad Naeem⁴ 

[1] Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu;Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi;Department of Chemistry, Purdue University;Department of Chemistry;Department of Urban Studies, Unit of Built Environment and Environmental Science, Malmö University;Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia;Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand;Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University

关键词: groundwater;    clusters analysis;    heavy metals;    correlations;   

DOI  :  10.3176/proc.2021.3.08

学科分类：内科医学

来源: Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus

【 摘 要 】

Groundwater heavy metal pollution is a major concern all around the world. For the assessment of heavy metals and physico-chemical characteristics, groundwater samples were collected from different locations of the Karak District, Pakistan. With the help of the global information system device (GIS), groundwater samples were collected and studied from 47 locations. The present study focused on the water table (WT), water source depth (WSD), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), lead (Pb(II)), silver (Ag(I)), iron (Fe(II)) and chromium (Cr(VI)) parameters. Heavy metals were analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Pearson’s matrix of correlation showed relationships between several parameters, such as the EC and the TDS which had close interactions between all the three different groundwater samples (collected by hand pump (HP), bore holes (BH) and tube wells (TW)). The strong correlation was detected in all the sources of water between the TDS and the EC, the regression coefficient (r) of which was 1. In the hierarchical clustering (by dendrograms) the HP samples show two clusters: Cluster 1 contains seven parameters and Cluster 2 has four parameters. The BH samples have two clusters: Cluster 1 contains three parameters and Cluster 2 has eight parameters. The TW dendrogram also shows two clusters: Cluster 1 contains six parameters while Cluster 2 has five parameters.

【 授权许可】

CC BY