Therapeutics for paediatric oncological emergencies

Drugs in Context

article

Karen Ka Yan Leung¹  Kam Lun Hon¹  Wun Fung Hui¹  Alexander KC Leung²  Chi Kong Li³ 

[1] Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital;Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary and The Alberta Children’s Hospital;Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital;Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

关键词: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS);    cancer;    critical care;    disseminated intravascular coagulation;    hyperleukocytosis;    oncologic emergency;    paediatrics;    posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES);    sepsis;    superior mediastinal syndrome;    therapeutics;    treatment;    tumour lysis syndrome;   

DOI  :  10.7573/dic.2020-11-5

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: C S F Medical Communications Ltd.

【 摘 要 】

Background: With advancements in the field of oncology, cancer survival rates have improved dramatically but modern cancer treatments also come with an increasing number of disease and treatment-associated complications. This article provides an updated narrative review on the pathophysiology, clinical presentations and latest management strategies for common paediatric oncological emergencies. Methods: An extensive PubMed® search of all human studies in the English literature was performed in Clinical Queries for different oncology syndromes and conditions using the following Medical Subject Headings: “tumour lysis syndrome”, “hyperleukocytosis”, “disseminated intravascular coagulation”, “superior mediastinal syndrome”, “superior vena cava syndrome”, “sepsis”, “severe inflammatory response syndrome”, “acute respiratory distress syndrome”, “posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome” and “reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome”. Categories were limited to clinical trials and reviews for ages from birth to 18 years. Results: The general description, presentation and management of these oncologic emergencies are systematically described. Early recognition along with prompt and proactive treatment can reduce the chances of potential complications and improve the clinical outcomes, thereby improving not only survival rates in oncology patients but also their clinical outcomes and quality of life. Conclusions: Oncologic emergencies are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Healthcare professionals involved with the care of oncology patients must be vigilant of these emergencies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND