Extrapulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 in Mild/ Severe Patients

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens

article

Fatemeh Sameni¹  Arash Khorram²  Nooshin Nazarinejad²  Ayda Vahabi²  Bahareh Hajikhani³  Shahrooz Yazdani⁴  Zahra Jalili⁵  Masoud Dadashi² 

[1] Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University;Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences;Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences;Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences;Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute;Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

关键词: COVID-19;    SARS-CoV-2;    Extrapulmonary manifestations;    Cardiac manifestations;    Gastrointestinal manifestations;   

DOI  :  10.34172/ijep.2022.5544

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Alborz University of Medical Sciences

【 摘 要 】

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused the outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan,China, in December 2019. It is principally identified with respiratory disease and pulmonarymanifestations. However, based on various reports, COVID-19 infection not only affectsthe respiratory system but also infects other organs. Cardiac manifestations, gastrointestinalcomplications, liver dysfunction, musculoskeletal disorders, ocular findings, and hematologicalmanifestations are among the published extrapulmonary clinical manifestations. Lack ofawareness and attention to these extrapulmonary features might result in misdiagnosis, delayeddiagnosis, incorrect treatment, and eventually an increase in the spread of the virus by unidentifiedindividuals to others in the community. Therefore, the current study comprehensively reviewsand discusses the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in mild or severe patients.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC