Time to Deal with Rheumatoid Cachexia: Prevalence, Diagnostic Criteria, Treatment Effects and Evidence for Management

Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology

article

Elisavet Efthymiou¹  Maria G. Grammatikopoulou¹  Konstantinos Gkiouras²  Georgios Efthymiou²  Efterpi Zafiriou³  Dimitrios G. Goulis⁴  Lazaros I. Sakkas²  Dimitrios P. Bogdanos² 

[1] Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus;Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University General Hospital of Larissa, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly;Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly;Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

关键词: testosterone;    hypogonadism;    body cell mass;    oral nutrient supplementation;    methotrexate;    disease activity;    sarcopenia;    DAS28;    fat-free mass;    body composition;   

DOI  :  10.31138/mjr.33.3.271

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: PCO Convin S.A.

【 摘 要 】

Cachexia is an early result of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (rheumatoid cachexia, RC), characterised mainly by involuntary loss of fat-free mass. RC is apparent in 1-67% of patients with RA, depending on the diagnostic criteria applied and the method used for the assessment of body composition. RC is associated with increased inflammation and disability, lower health perception, and greater mortality risk. These changes in body composition are driven by the inflammation process, the low levels of physical activity, the underlying testosterone deficiency and hypogonadism, and the pharmacotherapy required for RA. Chronic inflammation enhances resting energy expenditure as a response to stress, inducing an energy deficit, further propelling protein turnover. The use of corticosteroids and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors tend to increase fat accumulation, whereas other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) appear to induce increments in fat-free mass. The present review presents all information regarding the prevalence of RC, diagnostic criteria, and comorbidities, as well as the effects of pharmacotherapy and medical nutrition therapy on body composition of patients with RA.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC