A horizon scan of future threats and opportunities for pollinators and pollination

PeerJ

article

Mark J.F. Brown¹  Lynn V. Dicks²  Robert J. Paxton³  Katherine C.R. Baldock⁵  Andrew B. Barron⁷  Marie-Pierre Chauzat⁸  Breno M. Freitas⁹  Dave Goulson^1,10  Sarina Jepsen^1,11  Claire Kremen^1,12  Jilian Li^1,13  Peter Neumann^1,14  David E. Pattemore^1,15  Simon G. Potts^1,16  Oliver Schweiger^1,17  Colleen L. Seymour^1,18  Jane C. Stout^2,20 

[1] School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London;Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge;Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg;iDiv, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig;School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol;Cabot Institute, University of Bristol;Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University;European reference laboratory for honeybee health;Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará;School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex;The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation;Berkeley Food Institute, Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley;Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern;The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited;Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading;Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ;South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre;Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town;Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin

关键词: Horizon scanning;    Pollinator;    Pollination;    Ecosystem services;    Conservation;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.2249

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Background. Pollinators, which provide the agriculturally and ecologically essential service of pollination, are under threat at a global scale. Habitat loss and homogenisation, pesticides, parasites and pathogens, invasive species, and climate change have been identified as past and current threats to pollinators. Actions to mitigate these threats, e.g., agri-environment schemes and pesticide-use moratoriums, exist, but have largely been applied post-hoc. However, future sustainability of pollinators and the service they provide requires anticipation of potential threats and opportunities before they occur, enabling timely implementation of policy and practice to prevent, rather than mitigate, further pollinator declines.Methods.Using a horizon scanning approach we identified issues that are likely to impact pollinators, either positively or negatively, over the coming three decades.Results.Our analysis highlights six high priority, and nine secondary issues. High priorities are: (1) corporate control of global agriculture, (2) novel systemic pesticides, (3) novel RNA viruses, (4) the development of new managed pollinators, (5) more frequent heatwaves and drought under climate change, and (6) the potential positive impact of reduced chemical use on pollinators in non-agricultural settings.Discussion. While current pollinator management approaches are largely driven by mitigating past impacts, we present opportunities for pre-emptive practice, legislation, and policy to sustainably manage pollinators for future generations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY