From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico

PeerJ

article

Wilfredo Falcón¹  Raymond L. Tremblay¹ 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao;Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico;Bureau of Research and Conservation of Habitats and Biodiversity, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources

关键词: Birds;    Cacatuidae;    Parrots;    Islands;    Biological invasions;    Psittacidae;    Puerto Rico;    Predicted distribution;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.5669

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Introduced psittacine birds can become highly invasive. In this study, we assessed invasions of Psittaciformes in Puerto Rico. We reviewed the literature, public databases, citizen science records, and performed in situ population surveys across the island to determine the historical and current status and distribution of psittacine species. We used count data from Ebird to determine population trends. For species whose populations were increasing, we modelled their potential distribution using niche modeling techniques. We found 46 Psittaciformes in Puerto Rico, of which 26% are only present as pets, at least 29 species have been reported in the wild, and of those, there is evidence that at least 12 species are breeding. Our results indicate that most introduced species which have been detected as established still persist, although mostly in localized areas and small populations. Clear evidence of invasiveness was found for Brotogeris versicolurus and Myiopsitta monachus, which have greatly expanded their range in recent years. Psittacara erythrogenys and Eupsittacula canicularis also showed population increases, although to a lesser degree. The niche models predicted suitable areas for the four species, and also indicate the potential for range expansion. We discuss the factors leading to invasion success, assess the potential impacts, and we discuss possible management strategies and research prospects.

【 授权许可】

CC BY