Boat anchoring contributes substantially to coral reef degradation in the British Virgin Islands

PeerJ

article

Rebecca L. Flynn¹  Graham E. Forrester¹ 

[1] Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island

关键词: Anchoring;    Coral reef;    Chronic stressor;    Caribbean;    Anthropogenic impact;    Habitat degradation;    Indirect effects;    Recreation;    Boating;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.7010

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Community decline is often linked to anthropogenic activities. Coral reef declines, for example, have been linked to overfishing and climate change, but impacts of coastal development, pollution, and tourism have received increasing attention. Here, we isolated the impact of one little-studied aspect of recreational activity on coral reefs—damage from boat anchoring—by performing a survey of 24 sites in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) subject to varying levels of anchoring activity. The percent cover of hard corals and sea fans was reduced by a factor of ∼1.7 and ∼2.6 respectively at highly anchored sites. Hard coral colonies were  40% smaller in surface area and ∼60% less dense at sites experiencing high anchoring frequency. In addition, highly anchored sites supported only ∼60% of the species richness of little anchored sites. Frequently anchored sites were ∼60% as structurally complex and supported less than half as many fish as those rarely anchored, with 5 of 7 fish functional groups affected. Roughly 24% of BVI coral reef by area appears suitable for anchoring, suggesting that impacts associated with boat anchoring may be both locally severe and more pervasive than previously appreciated.

【 授权许可】

CC BY