A “modified Obel” method for the severity scoring of (endocrinopathic) equine laminitis

PeerJ

article

Alexandra Meier¹  Melody de Laat¹  Christopher Pollitt²  Donald Walsh³  James McGree⁴  Dania B. Reiche⁵  Marcella von Salis-Soglio⁵  Luke Wells-Smith⁶  Ulrich Mengeler⁷  Daniel Mesa Salas⁸  Susanne Droegemueller⁹  Martin N. Sillence¹ 

[1] Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences School, Queensland University of Technology;Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland;Animal Health Foundation;School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology;Boehringer-Ingelheim Vetmedica;Motion Equine Podiatry Consulting;Veterinary Practice for Horses;Veterinary Practice Datteln;Practice for Horses and Pets

关键词: Laminitis;    Lameness;    Diagnostics;    Horses;    Equine metabolic syndrome;    Insulin;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.7084

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Background Laminitis is a common equine disease characterized by foot pain, and is commonly diagnosed using a five-grade Obel system developed in 1948 using sepsis-related cases. However, endocrinopathic laminitis is now the most common form of the disease and clinical signs may be mild, or spread across two Obel grades. This paper describes a modified method which assigns scores to discreet clinical signs, providing a wider scale suitable for use in a research setting. Methods The “modified Obel” method was developed using an iterative process. First, a prototype method was developed during the detailed observation of 37 ponies undergoing a laminitis induction experiment. The final method was refined and validated using video footage taken during the induction study and from a clinical trial of naturally occurring endocrinopathic laminitis cases. The Obel method was deconstructed and key laminitis signs were evaluated to develop a three-stage, five criteria method that employs a severity scale of 0–12. Veterinarians (n = 28) were recruited to watch and assess 15 video recordings of cases of varying severity, using the Obel and “modified Obel” methods. The inter-observer agreement (reproducibility) was determined using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (Kendall W) and Krippendorf’s alpha reliability coefficient. A total of 14 veterinarians repeated the exercise 2–4 weeks after their original assessment, to determine intra-observer agreement (repeatability), assessed using a weighted kappa statistic (kw). Agreement between methods was calculated by converting all “modified Obel” scores to Obel grades and calculating the mean and distribution of the differences. Results The “modified Obel” and Obel methods showed excellent and similar inter-observer agreement based on the Kendall W value (0.87, P < 0.001 vs. 0.85, P < 0.001) and Krippendorf’s alpha (95% CI) value (0.83 [0.53–0.90] vs. 0.77 [0.55–0.85]). Based on the kw value, the “modified Obel” method also had substantial repeatability, although slightly less than the Obel method, (0.80 vs. 0.91). Excellent agreement between the methods was found, with the mean difference (95% CI), comparing the Obel grade, with the “modified Obel” score converted to an Obel grade, being −0.12 (−0.19 to −0.06) grades. The Obel and converted “modified Obel” grades were identical 62% of the time (259/420) and a difference of one grade (higher or lower) occurred in 35% of cases (148/420). Conclusion Both methods show excellent agreement, reproducibility and repeatability when used to diagnose endocrinopathic laminitis. The “modified Obel” method is a three-step examination process for severity-scoring of endocrinopathic laminitis, initially proposed for use within a research setting. When using the modified method a diagnosis of laminitis also requires clinical acumen. The allocation of scores for specific clinical signs should be particularly useful in research trials monitoring laminitis recovery.

【 授权许可】

CC BY