Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape

PeerJ

article

Milagros Antún¹  Ricardo Baldi¹ 

[1] Grupo de Estudio de Mamíferos Terrestres, Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales;Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología y Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco;Programa de Maestría en Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires

关键词: Distribution and abundance;    Lama guanicoe;    Habitat selection;    Spatial models;    Sheep ranching;    Anthropic factors;    Wild and domestic ungulates;    Península Valdes;    Patagonia;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.8945

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Shrublands and grasslands comprise over 30% of the land surface and are among the most exploited ecosystems for livestock production. Across natural landscapes, the distribution and abundance of wild herbivores are affected by interspecific competition for foraging resources, hunting and the development of infrastructure among other factors. In Argentine Patagonia, the abundance of domestic sheep grazing on native vegetation outnumbers the widely distributed guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and sheep ranching monopolizes the most productive lands. In this work, we aimed to assess the spatial variation in the abundance of guanacos in Península Valdés, a representative landscape of Patagonia, investigating the incidence of natural and human-related factors. We conducted ground surveys during the austral autumn in 2017 totaling 383.4 km along areas with and without sheep ranching. We built density surface models to account for the variation in guanaco abundance and obtained a map of guanaco density at a resolution of 4 km2. We estimated an overall density of 11.71 guanacos.km−2 for a prediction area of 3,196 km2, although the density of guanacos tripled in areas where sheep ranching was terminated (in around 20% of the surface of Península Valdés) compared to areas with sheep. Guanacos were more abundant at lower values of primary productivity and sheep stocking rates and further from inhabited ranch buildings, suggesting competition with sheep and conflict with humans. Although guanacos selected open, grass-dominated habitats across sheep-free sites, fences dividing properties and paddocks played a significant role in the spatial structure of their population in Península Valdés affecting negatively the abundance of guanacos. Our results indicate that actions to improve habitat connectivity for guanacos, favor the coexistence among guanacos and sheep ranching, and promote responsible human activities and attitudes towards wildlife are needed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY