Ancient globetrotters—connectivity and putative native ranges of two cosmopolitan biofouling amphipods

PeerJ

article

Jan Beermann¹  Allison K. Hall-Mullen¹  Charlotte Havermans¹  Joop WP Coolen⁵  Richard PMA Crooijmans⁷  Bert Dibbits⁷  Christoph Held¹  Andrea Desiderato¹ 

[1] Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research;Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity;FB2, University of Bremen;Helmholtz Young Investigator Group “Arctic Jellies”, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research;Wageningen Marine Research;Chair group Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University;Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University;Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia ,(PPGZOO), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná

关键词: Amphipoda;    Biofouling;    Biological invasion;    Cosmopolitan distribution;    Marine dispersal;    Marine shipping;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.9613

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

The geographic distributions of some coastal marine species have appeared as cosmopolitan ever since they were first scientifically documented. In particular, for many benthic species that are associated with anthropogenic substrata, there is much speculation as to whether or not their broad distributions can be explained by natural mechanisms of dispersal. Here, we focused on two congeneric coastal crustaceans with cosmopolitan distributions—the tube-dwelling amphipods Jassa marmorata and Jassa slatteryi. Both species are common elements of marine biofouling on nearly all kinds of artificial hard substrata in temperate to warm seas. We hypothesized that the two species’ modern occurrences across the oceans are the result of human shipping activities that started centuries ago. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the CO1 fragment of specimens from distinct marine regions around the world were analysed, evaluating genetic structure and migration models and making inferences on putative native ranges of the two Jassa species. Populations of both species exhibited considerable genetic diversity with differing levels of geographic structure. For both species, at least two dominant haplotypes were shared among several geographic populations. Rapid demographic expansion and high migration rates between geographically distant regions support a scenario of ongoing dispersal all over the world. Our findings indicate that the likely former native range of J. marmorata is the Northwest Atlantic, whereas the likely former native range of J. slatteryi is the Northern Pacific region. As corroborated by the genetic connectivity between populations, shipping still appears to be the more successful vector of the two species’ dispersal when compared to natural mechanisms. Historical invasion events that likely started centuries ago, along with current ongoing dispersal, confirm these species’ identities as true “neocosmopolitans”.

【 授权许可】

CC BY