Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Gondwanan origin and repeated out of India colonizations into Asia by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

PeerJ

article

Saoirse Foley¹  Henrik Krehenwinkel⁴  Dong-Qiang Cheng³  William H. Piel² 

[1] Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University;Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore;Division of Science, Yale-NUS College;Department of Biogeography, Universität Trier;Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore

关键词: Araneae;    Biogeography;    Indian plate;    Tarantulas;    Theraphosidae;    Gondwana;    Time-calibration;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.11162

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

The study of biogeography seeks taxa that share a key set of characteristics, such as timescale of diversification, dispersal ability, and ecological lability. Tarantulas are ideal organisms for studying evolution over continental-scale biogeography given their time period of diversification, their mostly long-lived sedentary lives, low dispersal rate, and their nevertheless wide circumtropical distribution. In tandem with a time-calibrated transcriptome-based phylogeny generated by PhyloBayes, we estimate the ancestral ranges of ancient tarantulas using two methods, DEC+j and BBM, in the context of their evolution. We recover two ecologically distinct tarantula lineages that evolved on the Indian Plate before it collided with Asia, emphasizing the evolutionary significance of the region, and show that both lineages diversified across Asia at different times. The most ancestral tarantulas emerge on the Americas and Africa 120 Ma–105.5 Ma. We provide support for a dual colonization of Asia by two different tarantula lineages that occur at least 20 million years apart, as well as a Gondwanan origin for the group. We determine that their current distributions are attributable to a combination of Gondwanan vicariance, continental rafting, and geographic radiation. We also discuss emergent patterns in tarantula habitat preferences through time.

【 授权许可】

CC BY