Adapting mark-recapture methods to estimating accepted species-level diversity: a case study with terrestrial Gastropoda

PeerJ

article

Gary Rosenberg¹  Kurt Auffenberg³  Ruud Bank⁴  Rüdiger Bieler⁵  Philippe Bouchet⁶  David Herbert⁷  Frank Köhler⁸  Thomas A. Neubauer⁹  Eike Neubert^1,12  Barna Páll-Gergely^1,14  Ira Richling^1,15  Simon Schneider^1,16 

[1] Malacology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences;Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University;Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida;Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen;Negaunee Integrative Research Center;Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle;Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales;Malacology Department, Australian Museum Research Institute;Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University;Naturalis Biodiversity Center;SNSB - Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology;Natural History Museum Bern;Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern;Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research;Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History;CASP

关键词: Species richness;    Diversity;    Mark-recapture;    Terrestrial gastropods;    Taxonomic databases;    Sources of uncertainty;    Global species databases;    Mollusca;    Biodiversity informatics;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.13139

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

We introduce a new method of estimating accepted species diversity by adapting mark-recapture methods to comparisons of taxonomic databases. A taxonomic database should become more complete over time, so the error bar on an estimate of its completeness and the known diversity of the taxon it treats will decrease. Independent databases can be correlated, so we use the time course of estimates comparing them to understand the effect of correlation. If a later estimate is significantly larger than an earlier one, the databases are positively correlated, if it is significantly smaller, they are negatively correlated, and if the estimate remains roughly constant, then the correlations have averaged out. We tested this method by estimating how complete MolluscaBase is for accepted names of terrestrial gastropods. Using random samples of names from an independent database, we determined whether each name led to a name accepted in MolluscaBase. A sample tested in August 2020 found that 16.7% of tested names were missing; one in July 2021 found 5.3% missing. MolluscaBase grew by almost 3,000 accepted species during this period, reaching 27,050 species. The estimates ranged from 28,409 ± 365 in 2021 to 29,063 ± 771 in 2020. All estimates had overlapping 95% confidence intervals, indicating that correlations between the databases did not cause significant problems. Uncertainty beyond sampling error added 475 ± 430 species, so our estimate for accepted terrestrial gastropods species at the end of 2021 is 28,895 ± 630 species. This estimate is more than 4,000 species higher than previous ones. The estimate does not account for ongoing flux of species into and out of synonymy, new discoveries, or changing taxonomic methods and concepts. The species naming curve for terrestrial gastropods is still far from reaching an asymptote, and combined with the additional uncertainties, this means that predicting how many more species might ultimately be recognized is presently not feasible. Our methods can be applied to estimate the total number of names of Recent mollusks (as opposed to names currently accepted), the known diversity of fossil mollusks, and known diversity in other phyla.

【 授权许可】

CC BY