The function of small tools in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene: The case of Marathousa 1 (Megalopolis, Greece)

Journal of Lithic Studies

article

Juliette Guibert-Cardin¹  Vangelis Tourloukis²  Nicholas Thompson³  Eleni Panagopoulou⁴  Katerina Harvati²  Elisa Nicoud⁵  Sylvie Beyries⁵ 

[1] CEPAM;Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment;Paleoanthropology, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen;Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology;Université Côte d’Azur

关键词: Lower Palaeolithic;    Middle Pleistocene;    Greece;    small tools;    taphonomy;    use-wear analysis;    techno-morpho-functional analysis;   

DOI  :  10.2218/jls.5553

学科分类：地球科学(综合)

来源: University of Edinburgh * School of History, Classics and Archaeology

【 摘 要 】

Small flake industries are a commonly identified component of Lower Paleolithic archaeological assemblages in Eurasia. Utilized as blanks for tools, at many sites, their functions are often poorly understood. Here we present a preliminary traceological analysis of lithics from Marathousa 1 (MAR-1; Megalopolis, Greece). MAR-1 dates to ca. 400-500 ka BP and is one of the oldest open-air sites in South-Eastern Europe. It has yielded a lithic assemblage made almost exclusively of small-sized flakes found in direct association with diverse megafauna including elephants, hippo and deer. For this preliminary study, a total of 223 artifacts were sampled for a taphonomical analysis and 13 for a functional analysis. The lithic artifacts from MAR-1 are exceptionally well-preserved and are only slightly affected by chemical alterations. They are therefore ideal for a techno-morpho-functional analysis. Use-wear traces confirm on-site butchery. Our results also confirm that plants were worked at the site, whereas technological traces, rarely observed on lithics from this age, can also be seen on a number of specimens. Whereas both retouched and unretouched tools contribute significantly to the MAR-1 toolkit, shapes are varied, and at this phase of the study do not appear morphologically or technologically standardized. However, backing (natural or retouched) opposite to a sharp edge can be observed on numerous specimens. When compared to the sparse functional data available on small tools from Lower Paleolithic Europe and the Levant, small flake tools include a wide variety of techno-functional types. To fully begin to understand this diversity, lithic toolkits must be considered in relation to the rest of the assemblage and the accompanying contextual data, including information from technological, archaeozoological, and palaeoenvironmental datasets.

【 授权许可】

CC BY