An Evidence-Based Review of Vitamin D for Common and High-Mortality Conditions

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM

article

William Michael¹  Allison Diane Couture¹  Matthew Swedlund¹  Adrienne Hampton¹  Anne Eglash¹  Sarina Schrager¹ 

[1] Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison

关键词: Atopic Dermatitis;    Cardiovascular Diseases;    Child Health;    Chronic Pain;    COVID-19;    Dementia;    Depression;    Dietary Supplements;    Family Medicine;    Geriatrics;    Hypertension;    Meta-Analysis;    Obstetrics;    Prenatal Care;    Primary Health Care;    Type 2 Diabetes;    Vitamin D;   

DOI  :  10.3122/jabfm.2022.220115R1

学科分类：过敏症与临床免疫学

来源: The American Board of Family Medicine

【 摘 要 】

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin available from food and sun exposure. Vitamin D receptors are present in cells throughout the body and cause it to act like a hormone. Observational studies document the association of low vitamin D levels with multiple health conditions. This article reviews the evidence for vitamin D in prevention and treatment in primary care.Methods: We performed a literature review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and large prospective trials looking at the role of vitamin D deficiency in the most common conditions seen in primary care and the top 10 causes of mortality since 2010.Results: Vitamin D supplementation in patients with known cardiovascular disease does not reduce risk of stroke or heart attack. Vitamin D supplementation does not seem to have an effect in the treatment of hypertension or in cancer prevention. There is emerging evidence that supplementation reduces COVID-19 severity and risk of mechanical ventilation. Vitamin D at more moderate levels may reduce the risk of falls, but higher doses may cause increased fall risk. There does not seem to be a link between vitamin D supplementation and improved cognition. Vitamin D supplementation may be helpful in patients with major depression. High dose vitamin D may improve pain in people with fibromyalgia. Supplementing patients with prediabetes reduced the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation in addition to standard emollient treatment helped to reduce symptoms in people with atopic dermatitis.Conclusion: Prospective studies of vitamin D supplementation demonstrate variable impact on disease specific and patient-oriented outcomes, suggesting a correlation but not a causal relationship between low vitamin D levels and disease pathogenicity. Future research should determine dosing standards and timing of vitamin D in treatment and prevention.

【 授权许可】

CC BY