Malaria and environmental, socioeconomics and public health conditions in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil: An ecological and cross-sectional study

Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. Revista

article

Gonçalves, Nelson Veiga¹  Souza, Bruna Costa de¹  Araújo, Marília de Souza²  Morais, Emerson Cordeiro³  Melo, Bruma Gouveia de¹  Brito, Silvana Rossy de³  Carrera, Maria de Fátima Pinheiro¹  Costa, Simone Beverly Nascimento da¹  Alves, Taiana Moita Koury¹  Bastos, Thalita da Rocha¹  Melo Neto, João Simão de²  Miranda, Claudia do Socorro Carvalho¹ 

[1] Universidade do Estado do Pará;Universidade Federal do Pará;Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia

关键词: Malaria;    Spatial analysis;    Epidemiology;    Deforestation;   

DOI  :  10.1590/0037-8682-0502-2022

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

【 摘 要 】

Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020.Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran’s techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1.Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted.Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria’s epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.

【 授权许可】

CC BY