Moving towards Greener Road Transportation: A Review

Clean Technologies

article

Nick Rigogiannis¹  Ioannis Bogatsis¹  Christos Pechlivanis¹  Anastasios Kyritsis²  Nick Papanikolaou¹ 

[1] Electrical Machines Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace Kimmeria-Xanthi;Environmental Physics, Energy and Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ionian University;Department of Photovoltaic Systems and Distributed Generation, Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving

关键词: transportation sector;    Electric Vehicle (EV);    road transportation;    EV charging;    charging infrastructure;    Renewable Energy Sources (RES);   

DOI  :  10.3390/cleantechnol5020038

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Road transportation accounts for about 20% of the total GHG emissions in the EU. Nowadays, the substitution of conventional fossil fuel-based ICEs with electric engines, or their hybridization, operating along with Energy Storage Systems, seems to be the most appropriate measure to achieve reductions in both fuel consumption and GHGs. However, EVs encounter crucial challenges, such as long charging time and limited driving range. Hence, the transition to the mass adoption of EVs requires considerable effort and time. However, significant steps have been taken in the hybridization of road vehicles, with the aid of renewables and energy recovery/saving systems. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive literature review of modern green technologies for GHG reduction that are applicable to road transportation, such as on-vehicle energy harvesting and recovery (e.g., thermal, kinetic, etc.) systems and the incorporation of RES into EV charging stations. The impact of road vehicles on the environment is discussed in detail, along with the EU roadmap towards the decarbonization of transportation. Next, methods and techniques for fuel consumption and GHG reduction are systematically presented and categorized into on-vehicle and off-vehicle ones. Finally, a future outlook on more environmentally friendly road transportation is presented.

【 授权许可】

CC BY