Groundwater Quality of Some Parts of Coastal Bhola District, Bangladesh: Exceptional Evidence

Urban Science

article

Abu Shamim Khan¹  Farhana Akhtar²  Galal Uddin³  M. Moklesur Rahman⁴  Mohammed Abdus Salam⁵  Balram Ambade⁶  Molla Rahman Shaibur⁷  Ishtiaque Ahmmed⁷  Sabiha Sarwar⁷  Rezaul Karim⁷  Musharraf Hossain⁹  M. Shahidul Islam^1,10  Shaheen Shah^1,12 

[1] Environmental Laboratory;Department of Geography, University of Cambridge;Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland;Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology;Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University;Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology;Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology;School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology;Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University;Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology;Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University;Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland

关键词: Bhola;    chemical composition;    coastal district;    groundwater;    irrigation;    sea water intrusion;   

DOI  :  10.3390/urbansci7030071

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The composition of groundwater governs the drinking and irrigation water suitability. A large part of the coastal region of Bangladesh is affected and is responsible for changing the composition of the groundwater. This research attempted to observe the groundwater quality of the Bhola Sadar and Char Fasson upazilas in coastal Bangladesh. Twenty-eight (28) water samples, 27 at depths of 260–430 m (850–1400 ft) and 1 from a crop field, were collected and analyzed. The quality of water samples was determined through the evaluation of odor, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) ions. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal analysis. The outcomes were compared with the drinking water quality of Bangladesh and the World Health Organization. The results showed that the average values of nearly all of the parameters were underneath or within the standard level, representing that the groundwater was appropriate for drinking purposes. The water quality parameters were also compared with the irrigation water quality of Bangladesh and the Food and Agriculture Organization. It was found that the collected samples were also suitable for irrigation. To do this, the soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelley’s ratio, and total hardness were calculated. The novelty of this research is that, despite being in a coastal district, the deep aquifer water of Bhola was appropriate for drinking and irrigation purposes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY