Equilibrium surface current and role of U(1) symmetry: Sum rule and surface perturbations | |
Article | |
关键词: DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LUTTINGERS THEOREM; SUPERFLUID HE-3-A; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; ORBITAL MAGNETISM; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; FERMI-SURFACE; MASS CURRENT; 2 DIMENSIONS; ELECTRONS; | |
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.104502 | |
来源: SCIE |
【 摘 要 】
We discuss effects of surface perturbations on equilibrium surface currents which contribute to orbital magnetization and orbital angular momentum in systems without time-reversal symmetry. We show that, in a U(1) particle-number-conserving system, disorder and other perturbations at a surface do not affect the equilibrium surface current and corresponding orbital magnetization, due to a sum rule which is analogous to Luttinger's theorem. On the other hand, for a superfluid, the sum rule is no longer applicable and hence the surface mass current and corresponding orbital angular momentum can depend on details of a surface.
【 授权许可】
Free